Cyber security and functional monitoring for substations
Multiple layers are necessary to ensure the cyber security of substations. Cryptography allows authentication of devices, but not all attacks can be prevented by these measures. Firewalls and “air gaps” can be circumvented through existing remote access tunnels, or through maintenance computers directly attached to IEDs or the station bus. T
UK homes more suitable for heat pumps than expected
Hello Gordoun, you can use a simple empirical formula to estimate COP (my own analysis, unpublished, based on the Building Research Establishment...