With COP26 in full swing, the eyes of the world have been fixed on Glasgow in the hope that the event will deliver meaningful progress and binding emissions-reduction commitments from the countries attending. This year has seen climate change move itself definitively onto the news agenda just as alternatives to fossil fuels have increasingly come to the fore.
Hydrogen is one of those alternative power sources, capable of increasing the UK’s energy security, creating hundreds of thousands of high-skilled jobs, driving progress towards net zero and improving air quality in towns and cities.
The last point is sometimes underappreciated as hydrogen’s ability to decarbonise our transport networks is huge. Transportation is responsible for 24 per cent of global direct CO2 emissions from petrol and diesel combustion processes, so eliminating those emissions via the adoption of hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), in addition to electric and other hybrid solutions, will be crucial to the world achieving its climate change targets.
Hydrogen take-up around the world
There are more than 228 hydrogen projects now active worldwide, with 85 per cent of global projects originating from Europe, Asia, and Australia, with activity in the Americas, the Middle East and North Africa also picking up pace. In terms of the number of announced hydrogen projects, Europe is the global leader, with Australia, Japan, Korea, China and the USA following as additional hubs. Fifty-five per cent of all announced projects are located in Europe.
Since Europe is establishing itself as the hydrogen leader, followed by Australia (along with south-east Asia), I'll examine developments in these two regions in more detail, focusing on funding and investment, as well as existing and proposed projects seeking to make hydrogen-powered mobility a reality.
Europe leading the way
The European Green Deal will stimulate €260bn of public/private investment across the hydrogen economy, and has identified hydrogen and zero-emission mobility as priority targets. The deal includes all modes of transport in the hope of accelerating the shift to sustainable mobility.
Based on mid-case scenarios sourced from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking’s Opportunities for Hydrogen Energy Technologies Considering the National Energy & Climate Plans, individual European countries’ targets and estimates for hydrogen refuelling station installations for road transport predict a hydrogen refuelling station market potential of €8bn until 2030. Front runners like Germany, France and the Netherlands published their hydrogen strategies last year and already have tens of hydrogen stations in operation. Close behind come Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden and the UK, who have published, or are due to publish, national hydrogen plans, have a handful of stations in operation and hundreds planned by 2030. All of these countries will ban the sale of new petrol or diesel cars by 2030 or 2040.
European projects of note
Noteworthy transport projects underway in Europe include H2Accelerate, a collaboration designed to realise hydrogen trucking at a mass-market scale. The partnership comprises truck manufacturers and hydrogen infrastructure providers with the main objective of enabling a commercially viable, pan-European hydrogen trucking system from 2030 onwards.
Hydrogen Mobility Europe 2 features eight European countries performing a large-scale market test of hydrogen refuelling infrastructure, as well as passenger and commercial FCEVs. This project concentrates on real-world customer applications to demonstrate the system benefits gained by using electrolytic hydrogen solutions in grid operations.
Australia’s plan gathering pace
Australia published its National Hydrogen Strategy in 2019 and has identified hydrogen as a priority low-emissions technology. Producing clean hydrogen under $2 a kilogram is a priority stretch goal in the government’s Low Emission Technology Statement. Each state has a hydrogen plan or strategy in place, and some have a dedicated hydrogen minister.
Australian and New Zealand projects entering the demonstration phase
Several companies in Australia and New Zealand have undertaken projects which are now entering the demonstration phase. For example, industrial gases specialist Coregas will install a $1m full refuelling system and dispenser in early 2022 for Australia’s first commercial, hydrogen-powered, heavy vehicle refuelling station at Coregas’s hydrogen production facility at Port Kembla, New South Wales.
ATCO will install the first hydrogen refuelling station in Western Australia at the company’s Jandakot depot, using green hydrogen produced by its Clean Energy Innovation Hub. The station forms part of ATCO’s H2 Refueller project, which has received backing from the Western Australian Government.
In New Zealand, Hiringa Energy plans to install eight refuelling stations across the north and south islands from 2022, with a further 16 stations introduced from 2024. As the first company in New Zealand dedicated to the supply of green hydrogen, Hiringa has been developing a hydrogen production and refuelling network to support large-scale refuelling for heavy-duty vehicles.
If we are to reduce and ultimately eliminate transport-related carbon emissions, countries around the world will need to continue embracing hydrogen’s potential for decarbonising road transport, particularly in the long-haul trucking and freight sector. Europe and Australia/New Zealand are currently setting the pace and demonstrating leadership in the installation of refuelling infrastructure, which is a key driver of the adoption of hydrogen-powered transportation. We look forward to other regions showing similar ambition in the years to come.
Nick Power, hydrogen business development manager, Haskel Hydrogen Systems Group
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