Wood-digesting enzyme could boost biofuel production

It is claimed that the research, carried out by teams at the universities of Warwick and British Columbia, could make sustainable sources of biofuels, such as woody plants and the inedible parts of crops, more economically viable.

The researchers, who were also supported by EPSRC, have discovered an enzyme that is important in breaking down lignin, one of the components of the woody parts of plants. Lignin is important in making plants sturdy and rigid but, because it is difficult to break down, it makes extracting the energy-rich sugars used to produce bioethanol more difficult.

Fast-growing woody plants and the inedible by-products of crops could be valuable sources of biofuels but it is said to be difficult to extract enough sugar from them for the process to be economically viable.

Using an enzyme to break down lignin would allow more fuel to be produced from the same amount of plant mass.

The researchers identified the gene for breaking down lignin in a soil-living bacterium called Rhodococcus jostii. Although such enzymes have been found before in fungi, this is the first time that they have been identified in bacteria. The bacterium’s genome has already been sequenced, which means that it could be modified more easily to produce large amounts of the required enzyme.

In addition, bacteria are quick and easy to grow, so this research is said to raise the prospect of producing enzymes, which can break down lignin on an industrial scale.

Prof Timothy Bugg, from Warwick University, who led the team, said: ‘For biofuels to be a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels we need to extract the maximum possible energy available from plants. By raising the exciting possibility of being able to produce lignin-degrading enzymes from bacteria on an industrial scale, this research could help unlock currently unattainable sources of biofuels.

‘By making woody plants and the inedible by-products of crops economically viable, the eventual hope is to be able to produce biofuels that don’t compete with food production.’

The research, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council-led Integrated Biorefining Research and Technology Club, is published in the 14 June Issue of the American Chemical Society journal Biochemistry.