New research breakthrough could free up space for robots to ‘think’

Mimicking how some parts of the human body work, researchers from King’s College London (KCL) have transmitted a series of commands to devices with a new kind of compact circuit, using variations in pressure from a fluid inside it.

According to the research team, this world first opens the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control centre, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI powered software.

“Delegating tasks to different parts of the body frees up computational space for robots to ‘think,’ allowing future generations of robots to be more aware of their social context or even more dexterous. This opens the door for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and manufacturing,” Dr Antonio Forte, senior lecturer in Engineering at KCL and senior author of the study, said in a statement.

The findings could also enable the creation of robots able to operate in situations where electricity-powered devices cannot work, such as exploration in irradiated areas and in electric sensitive environments like MRI rooms.

The researchers also hope that these robots could eventually be used in low-income countries which do not have reliable access to electricity.

“Put simply, robots are split into two parts: the brain and the body. An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city, but many robots still struggle to open a door – why is that?” added Dr Forte.

“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. By creating a hardware system independent from the software running it, we can offload a lot of the computational load onto the hardware, in the same way your brain doesn’t need to tell your heart to beat.”

The researchers said that all current robots rely on electricity and computer chips to function. A robotic ‘brain’ of algorithms and software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder, which then performs an action.

In ‘soft robotics,’ a field which creates devices like robotic muscles out of soft materials, this is particularly an issue as it introduces hard electronic encoders and puts strain on the software for the material to act in a complex way – grabbing a door handle, for example.

To circumvent this, the team developed a reconfigurable circuit with an adjustable valve to be placed within a robot’s hardware. This valve acts like a transistor in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using pressure, mimicking binary code and allowing the robot to perform complex manoeuvres without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain.

Looking ahead, the researchers said they now hope to scale up their circuits from experimental hoppers and pipettes and embed them in larger robots, from crawlers used to monitor power plants to wheeled robots with entirely soft engines.

The findings, published in Advanced Science, can be read in full here.