Model signals boost for intelligent transportation

Intelligent transportation is a concept in which vehicles communicate directly with each other in real time, giving drivers warnings about traffic delays, allowing a single driver to control multiple vehicles or routing vehicles around hazardous road conditions.

‘The model helps us understand how the V2V signals are distorted. And understanding how the signal may be distorted allows you to design a signal that is less likely to become distorted in the first place,’ said Dr Dan Stancil, head of North Carolina State University’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and co-author of a paper on the work.

‘While there are smartphone apps that can tell you about traffic jams, there is a time lag between when the traffic jam begins and when the driver is notified,’ Stancil said in a statement. ‘One advantage of this sort of direct communication between vehicles is that it has very little time delay, and could warn you to apply the brakes in response to an event only hundreds of yards away.’

V2V communication relies on transmitting data via radio frequencies in a specific band. But the transmission is complicated by the fact that both the transmitter and the receiver are in motion – and by the reflected radio waves, or radio echoes, that bounce off of passing objects. These variables can distort the signal, causing errors in the data.

The new model is said to account for the motion of the transmitter and receiver, but previous models have done that as well. Previous models also addressed the problem of radio echoes in V2V communication by incorporating a uniform distribution of objects surrounding each vehicle.

However, this approach does not accurately capture many real-world V2V communication scenarios. Other models use realistic distributions of objects, but require powerful computers to calculate the contributions from each object.

The researchers recognised that most roads are lined with objects that run parallel to the road itself, such as trees, petrol stations or parked cars.

This means the objects that can reflect radio waves are not uniformly distributed in all directions.

By accounting for this parallel distribution of objects, the researchers were able to create a model that more accurately describes how radio signals will be affected by their surroundings.

That information can be used to adjust the transmission signal to improve the clarity of the data transmission. In addition, the model is relatively simple to calculate and does not require a powerful computer.

‘We want to continue fine-tuning the model, but the next step is to incorporate this information into V2V technology to improve the reliability of V2V signals,’ Stancil said.

The paper, ‘A Roadside Scattering Model for the Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Channel,’ is published in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication.