The advance could improve a range of genetic diagnostics and screenings where precise measurement is crucial, including the early detection of cancer; prenatal diagnostics; the detection of pathogens in food products; and the analysis of single-cell gene expression.
According to UBC, the new digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device uses liquid surface tension, rather than systems of microscopic valves, to partition DNA samples into arrays of 1,000,000 chambers or more. The device enables the direct counting of single molecules isolated in individual chambers.
The density of reaction chambers achieved by the platform exceeds more traditional valve-based digital PCR techniques by a factor of 100.
‘This solves some major technical issues that have limited the scale and accuracy of traditional digital PCR techniques,’ said assistant Prof Carl Hansen of the UBC Department of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for High Throughput Biology. ‘It creates defect-free arrays of millions of uniform-volume sub-reactions, and controls dehydration of these reactions during thermocycling.’
PCR is a molecular biology technique used by researchers to amplify a single piece of DNA many times. The technique relies on repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the reaction to replicate segments of DNA using DNA polymerase, the same enzyme that copies DNA in living cells. PCR is used in medical and biology labs to clone DNA, analyse genes, detect hereditary disease, and in forensics.
Digital PCR is said to refer to a new generation of DNA replication techniques that offer increased sensitivity and density over the original technique, developed in 1983. The greatest number of chambers available in commercially available implementations of digital PCR, using integrated micro-valves, is 36,960. However, further scalability is limited by the maximum density at which valves may be reliably fabricated.
Hansen believes the new version or digital PCR can be scaled to hold up to approximately 10,000,000 chambers on a standard one-inch format.
The UBC researchers also found that the ‘megapixel’ technique set new benchmarks in detecting rare mutations, defined as the lowest measurable ratio of two target sequences differing by a single nucleotide variation, as well as new limits in the detection of subtle differences in sequence abundance.
Partitioning of a one-million chamber array takes approximately one minute.
‘Our solution, or something using the same techniques, could enable a new degree of precision in measurements in biomedical research and diagnostics. The dramatic increase in assay density has important implications for the adoption of digital PCR as an economical, fast and routine analytical tool,’ said Hansen.
The description of the ‘megapixel’ platform was published today in Nature Methods.
UK productivity hindered by digital skills deficit – report
This is a bit of a nebulous subject. There are several sub-disciplines of 'digital skills' which all need different approaches. ...