A robotic therapy device may help people regain strength and normal use of affected hands long after a stroke, according to a University of California, Irvine study.
Stroke patients with impaired hand use reported improved ability to grasp and release objects after therapy sessions using the Hand-Wrist Assisting Robotic Device (HOWARD). Each patient had at least moderate residual weakness and reduced function of the right hand, although the affected hands were neither totally paralysed nor unable to feel.
‘Most spontaneous improvement in function occurs in the first three months after a stroke, and after that things tend to plateau,’ said Dr. Steven C. Cramer, senior author of the study and associate professor in neurology, anatomy and neurobiology at UCI. ‘Robot-assisted therapy may help rewire the brain and make weak limbs move better long afterwards.’
Previously, robotic devices have improved post-stroke shoulder and leg function. Cramer said this study is one of the first attempts to specifically aid hand function.
Developed by UCI researchers, HOWARD helps patients as they grasp and release common objects. The robotic device wraps around the hand and couples with a computer program that directs patients though a physical therapy program. HOWARD users initiate hand motion, with the robot monitoring and assisting the activity in order to meet therapeutic goals.
‘The HOWARD therapy isn't passive; the patient has to jumpstart the program and initiate the motor command,’ Cramer said. ‘But if the hand is weak and can only budge one-tenth of an inch, the robot helps to complete the task so the brain relearns what it's like to make the full movement.’
At the end of the three week study, all patients had improved in their ability to grasp and release objects. Their average score on an Action Research Arm Test - which measures the ability to perform such real-world tasks as grasping a block, gripping a drinking glass, pinching to pick up a small marble or ball bearing, and putting your hand on your head - improved by nearly 10 per cent. And their average score rose by nearly 20 per cent on the Box-and-Blocks Test, which assesses manual dexterity as one moves blocks from one side of a box to another in one minute.
The patients also developed a 17 per cent greater range of motion in their hands and wrists and were rated as less disabled on a standard occupational therapy assessment tool called the Fugl-Meyer score.
The UCI team is now using what they learned from study participants to create a ‘son of HOWARD,’ with improved hand-robot connections and more software options to individualise therapy and keep patients interested.
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